Numeral

a written number.

Prime Numbers

a counting number which can only be divided evenly by itself and one.
eg 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41

Composite Numbers

a counting number which is the product of two numbers other than itself and one. If a number is not prime then it is composite.
eg 4 because 1 X 4 = 4, 4 X 1 = 4 and 2 X 2 = 4
eg 12 because 2 X 6 = 12, 6 X 2 = 12, 4 X 3 = 12, 3 X 4 = 12, 1 X 12 = 12 and 12 X 1 = 12

Factors

numbers which when multiplied equal another number.
eg 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 are all factors of 12.

Ordinal Numbers

are used to indicate position.
eg 1st = first, 2nd = second, 3rd = third.

Even Numbers

can be divided by 2.
eg 2 4 6 8 10 12

Odd Numbers

cannot be divided by 2.
eg 3 5 7 9 11 13

Cardinal Numbers

the number of objects in a group.
eg * * * * Cardinal Number = 4.

Whole Numbers

are the counting numbers.
eg 0* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Zero is a place holder.

Rational Numbers

include positive and negative numbers, zero, fractions and decimal fractions.

Value of a Number

the worth of a number.

Place Value

the value of the place the number is in. eg The place value of 4 in the number 473 is 100 as it is in the hundreds place.

Algorithm

The setting out of a mathematical problem in a certain way.
eg   352     637     943
     +306    - 78         6x

Number Sentence

a mathematical sentence written in numerals.
eg 5 + 6 = 11, 13 - 5 = 8

Sum

the answer when numbers are added.
eg 12 is the sum of 4 + 8

Difference

the answer when numbers are subtracted.
eg 7 is the difference between 12 and 5, 12 - 5 = 7

Product

the answer when two numbers are multiplied.
- eg 24 is the product of 6 and 4.

Quotient

the answer you get when you divide.
eg 4 is the quotient of 24 and 6.

when a number is multiplied by itself.
eg 3 squared (3) is 9 because 3 X 3 = 9

when a number is twice multiplied by itself.
eg 3 cubed (3) is 27 because 3 X 3 X 3 = 27

(Square Root)

the reverse of squared. eg 3 is the square root of 9 because 3 X 3 = 9; 9 divided by 3 = 3

Average

is found by finding the total and then dividing it by the number of numerals that were added together.
eg To find the average of 20, 24, 2 and 14 first find the total (60) and then divide by 4. Answer : 15